Tag Archives: EAP

Q&A for Session 2 (Juan and Jen’s presentations)

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Doug: The engineers have supplied to the business community a reason for reducing smoke in their own terms. But it doesn’t actually deal with the exploitive nature of those businesses. You shouldn’t reduce smoke just because it makes business sense.

Peter: The business case solution doesn’t provide a long-term solution. But we should ask ourselves if it works towards justice right now? It’s not a great long-term or complete solution, but it works towards that goal.

Jen: There’s a tension in the case of Rico between the community and the greater community of those who will be supplied with the electricity.

Donna: Energy deregulation in the US has caused many problems. You have deregulation without competition so energy is very expensive and controlled by monopolies.

Jen: Rico is not a wealth community so they could not run a energy coop like some other communities in Colorado.

Lily: I’m from Engineers against Poverty and we work to make the “business case” in the developing world because we think it’s important.

Arias: I’d love to see more of these histories but I think engineers sometimes concentrate too much on the technical fix and not enough in defining the problem.

Darko: I think we need to make the business case because they won’t change unless you force them to by showing that they can’t afford to.

Jon: I feel that one theme running in all these comments is the “triple bottom line” (social, environmental, economic). In some case studies, one or more of these factors are considered more than others.

Caroline: I think we’ve spent too much time thinking of the economic factor. We, as a community, need to be more worried about the social and environmental. Then maybe….maybe….we can talk about economics. We need to actually critique this economic factor much more. I want to smash the triple bottom line because it’s not easy equal categories. It’s more a muddle.

Engineers Against Poverty Panel (cont.)

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Meena: Caste system in India is social inequity reinforced by structural, cultural, and religious inequity. The job of Dalits is to collect feces. How can we convince them to give up their jobs? It requires external pressure but also internal pressure. 

Juan: We always teach students to not look at people through a deficiency model. Don't just look at people and see what they lack. We believe every community (no matter how oppressed or deprived) has something to contribute to their "liberation". 
Meena: We work with groups in India that seek to persuade Dalits in communities all across India to give up their jobs and to even smash their places of work (latrines). These groups lead the action, persuade and support people in the process of Dalits giving up their internalization of "this is the best job we can do".  But they still need technological support, this is what we can do.
David: Solutions never come from the top down. slum dwellers, shack dwellers are forming federations to build houses, build latrines, etc. They don't have the political power to demand change but they can at least work towards it. Orangi Pilot Project is accountable to citizens of Karachi. 
Donna: What is the role of government in supporting or not supporting your work? How does your project engage with the gov't?
Emanuele: Gov't. contributes very little and even when they promise to, they fail to deliver. There are also problems of disconnections between the values of commercial, government, nonprofit paradigms. Cost recovery is a regressive way to fund essential services – gov't does not contribute and poor are left to fend for themselves. many donor agencies leaving sewage outside because it is too expensive to deal with it  But teh required investment to halfve the proptrtion of people in areas that are not connected to teh sweage system are equal to 75% of the bailout of northern rock.
David: We lost 20 years because of the false belief that privatization would save us particularly privtatization of services.
Darko: Nothing was a false belief. It was intentional. We need to have alternate systems of production, consumption, etc like a cooperative structure. 
Jon: Are there opportunities for socially just, culturally appropriate leapfrogging in sanitation?
John Kandulu – Wateraid aims to promote such technology. We do this not only to use this resource but also because the traditional sewage model doesn't work. However, if we scale it up too much, we end up polluting the environment. So some experimentation is needed.
David: Leapfrogging works the other way as well. From south to north.
Jonathan Parkinson: Reuse of excrement is an ancient practice but we need standards and a debate around those standards.
Doug: Could the microfinance model work for sanitation?
David: Microfinance doesn't support groups. It is a one to one relationship. It's not the answer. My fave city in Brazil has a sewer for everyone but that required years of organizing and political movement. That's what you need.
Eric: Community sanitation is dangerous for girls and women. They might get raped or sexually assaulted while using those facilities.
David: But shitting in a plastic bag is ideological bullshit. That's not a real alternative.

Approaches to an engineering practice which is socially just

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EAP’s panel within the panel on water and sanitation

1. Jonathan Parkinson, International Water Association, spoke of how sewerage are conceptualised in cities and how engineers interest in this appear to diminish the closer one gets to the households. A second issue is that waste water is rarely treated before discharge. Conclusion, one needs to focus on the sanitation around houses. On a positive note, there are some examples of initiatives which try to address this (Orangi Pilot Project in Pakistan), but they are limited.

2. Meena Varma, Dalit Solidarity Network, spoke of the horrendous situation of the dalits situation especially in the South East Asia. Eg. Forced to manually scavenge human excrement from public and private dry latrines despite legislation outlawing the practice, but even were this is enforced dalit men are still lowered into open drains to unblock blocks without any protective gear. Worst job in the world – cleaning up other people’s shit!

3. David Satterthwaite, International Institute for Environment and Development, spoke of the problems of help organisations reluctance to help (in a good way) in urban areas lacking sewers. There are examples of local initiatives such as the Organgi project which have been successful both in terms of implementation, results, and cost effectiveness (e.g. no or little need for external funding). Conclusions, talk to the people living without sanitation, draw on local knowledge and expertise and then integrate these local systems into the bigger urban systems.

4. Emanuele Lobina, PSIRU, spoke of an alternative scheme of addressing sanitation issues in developing countries. Historically public funding and services have provided sanitation in developed countries, e.g. no cost recovery. In contrast this is currently not done very much when doing project in developing countries which often rely on private actors and cost recovery. Also, important to focus efforts in the Sub-Saharan region as areas as India have more recourses to solve the problem by themselves.

5. John Kandulu, WaterAid, spoke of the organisation Wateraid’s efforts to improve access to safe water, hygiene and sanitation in the world’s poorest communities. Get communities and households to get to the first step of improving their sanitation, i.e. no faeces on the surface. WaterAid works with locals to find solutions that are suitable for the locals. Are solutions like these replicable elsewhere etc.

The rest of the panel

Jaime Arturo Bastidas Legarda spoke of the situation of displaced victims due to the armed conflict (between armed groups outside the law) in Colombia and his research is relation to this.

Andrew Fox spoke of a proposed project (Promoting social equity for disabled people in Gambia) he, Ebou Faye Njie others would like to carry out in Gambia addressing equity for the disabled and how the engineering community has and can interact/promote this issue and what role engineers can play in this project. The project is being developed by people in Gambia and was initiated by Ebou Faye Njie. At this time the project team is being put together.

Darko Matovic spoke of his role in the Waste for Life project coordinated by Caroline Baillie and Eric Feinblatt. Especially he expanded on some of the technical aspects of the hot press at the centre of the project and sent around some of valets made out of which have been made as prototype products.